History of Russia
Heads of the state
To the beginning of IX
century in territory of
Russia there was no uniform state. Here there lived separate tribes:
chud, everything, Ilmens Slavs, krivzhichi, vytichi, drevlyne, polyne
and others: between them quarrels often flashed, there were infinite
skirmishes, was died people and lose their property.Rjurik - one of the most mysterious figures in old russian history. Long time it was as though Scandinavian duke, ostensibly managed to establish in edge of "wild" slavic tribes the order and to give them the state organization
In 19 century the French traveller K.Marme has visited Mecklenburg. There he has written down one very interesting legend. According to it, Rjurik - the son of prince Godlav Oboditsky, called in due time to Russia together with two brothers. And in this plan interestingly name "Rjurik." The Oboditi also had name is "REREG" or "Falcon." The image of a falcon served as their breeding sign and it served as the arms of dynasty of Rurik, long time they was boss of Russia. In the Kiev Russia black ravens named polotsk, and falcons - princes of Russia.
The person of mother Rjurika allows to establish the Ioakimovskaya annals. One of princes of Velecgrad who had name Gostomisl had problems with continuation of a dynasty - all his sons were lost in wars. Once at night he has seen a prophetic dream: the huge tree which has covered all city has grown from a belly of its average daughter Umily. Prince has solved, that the dynasty will be continued by her sons. Umila was at that time married with the prince, whose name the Ioakimovskaya annals does not name. But it names a name of one of its sons - Rjurik.
After death Gostomisl, Rereg with brothers came at Velitsegradskoj. It is remarkable, that the Ioakimovskaya annals does not speak a word about disorders which as if were the reason of his calling. The ground Velitsegradskaja simply required the prince was from old dynasty and capable to prevent a pernicious distemper
It was in 862 year.
Certainly, about this legendary person we practically do not know.
Originally Rereg
reigned not in Novgorod, and
in Ladoga. The Iaokimovskaya annals obviously opposes with the
Velicgrad to Novgorod. Last became capital of Northern Russia only on
the fourth year of reigning Rereg, and before she was Ladoga (it much
more ancient the Novgorod which has arisen where those in the middle of
9 centuries). Formation of Ladoga can be carried to 6 century in that
place where the river Ladozhka runs into Volkhov. According to
archeology Ladoga in 8 century becomes large international port and the
major item of local and transit trade. Here find huge quantity кладов
the Arabian coins - дирхемов, that testifies to trade and economic
power of city. As a matter of fact, Novgorod was "new" in relation to
old the Velicgrad, to Ladoga, from here and " Mister Great Novgorod "
or " A new Velicgrad ".In 862 army of Rjurik have the grounds on coast " Ladoga, and in 866 he has attached to the possession of Beloozero and Izborsk. Capital of the state (already we have the right so to name these incorporated grounds) has made Novgorod, and near to it has cut down (has constructed) small town the Gorodishe, where lived subsequently Novgorod dukes.
In other Russian cities of Rjurik has put himself people (colleagues): they had tables in Polotsk, Rostov and Beloozero. There were in its team mighty soldiers of Askold and Dir. They could not have day of a quiet life: military campaigns were necessary to them only. And Rjurik, probably, had sent restless soldiers with a part of the army to Tsargrad and that has removed excessive intensity in the capital. It was it in 868 By the way, up to Tsargrad of Askold and Dir and do not go in addition, and have settled in Kiev, later they were killed hand prince Oleg, successor Rjurika
Ререге of Novgorod and Kiev have entered the armed confrontation with each other. In 873 dukes of Kiev Askold and Dir went war to Polotsk belonged Novgorod.
About activity Ререга
as prince of the
Ladoga-Novgorod we know very little - but its board at all was not such
quiet. The Nikonovskaya annals speaks about presence among inhabitants
Novgorod the strong opposition to Ререгу headed by a certain Vadim
Hrabrym. Opposition has terminated tragically. In 872 of Rereg has
killed Vadim and its associates. However, dissatisfied remains much -
in 875 the more of the Novgorod husbands ran to Kiev.One of the major support Ререга were varyagi. Today almost any with confidence will tell, that varyagi - vikings-Scandinavians, the mercenaries used князьями in struggle for authority and during military campaigns.
Rereg has died in 872, having in successors of a throne of juvenile son Igor. Regent at him became one of the nearest associates of prince - boyar Oleg (Olg.) Oleg has undertaken a campaign on the south during which has grasped Smolensk, Ljubech, and then and Kiev. Thus dynasty of Rjurikovich has affirmed on the Kiev throne.
Prince of Rjurik became the first to a dynasty which corrected Russian grounds more than 700 years (last <Rjurikovich> on the Russian throne - tsar Feodor Ioannovich - has died in 1598).
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